1.If a shipper has a strict arrival and departure requirements, railroads are at a competitive disadvantage compared to motor carriers. Some of this disadvantage may be overcome through combined transport, which offers the economy of rail movement linked with the flexibility of trucking. Truck trailers are delivered to the rail terminals, where they are loaded on flatbed railcars. At the destination terminal they are off-loaded and delivered to the consignee-the customer who receivers the shipment.An additional area in which railroads suffer in comparison to motor carriers is equipment availability. Railroad lines use each other’s cars, and at times this equipment may not by located where it is most needed. Railcars may be unavailable because they are being loaded, unloaded, moved within railroad sorting yards, or undergoing repair. Other cars may be standing idle or lost within the vast rail network. A number of developments in the rail industry have helped to overcome some of these utilization problems. Advances have included: computer routing and scheduling; the upgrading of equipment, roadbeds, and terminals; improvements in railcar identification systems; and the use of unit trains, cars owned or leased by the shipper; and dedicated through-train service between major metropolitan areas (nonstop shipments of one or a few shippers’ products). Railroads own approximately 80 percent of their car fleet. The remaining 20 percent are either leased or owned by shippers.
1). The disadvantages of rail transport compared with motor carrier is ____. A. Cost B. Speed C. Lost and damage ratios D. Transit time and frequency of service 2). The disadvantage above mentioned can be overcome by ______ A. Combined transport B. More frequency C. Fast train D. More flexible 3). The advantage of rail transport are ______. A. Great amount of shipped B. Less damage ratio C. Fast speed、exact schedule、cost saved D. Direct shipping line 4). Railroads own about _____ of their car fleet A. Half B. 80% C. 20% D. Not mentioned 5). What is the meaning of Metropolitan areas? A. Around the city B. City itself C. The area near the city D. Big city and its neighbor area
【答案】：D||A||A||D||D
2.supply chain
A. 供应链 B. 产地 C. 原料 D. 热心
【答案】：A
3.container
A. 容器 B. 集装箱 C. 货车 D. 密封
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A. 价值增加 B. 增值服务 C. 有价值服务 D. 有偿服务
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5.purchasing
A. 采购 B. 销售 C. 装载 D. 供应
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6.customer support
A. 客户支持 B. 购买力 C. 消费 D. 客户至上
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7.本文由zuoye580.com原创，侵权必究cost control
A. 成本控制 B. 仓储系统 C. 优质包装 D. 传送带
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8.warehousing
A. 仓库 B. 仓储 C. 物流 D. 货源
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9.point of origin
A. 来源地 B. 维护 C. 货物 D. 租金
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10.本文由zuoye580.com原创，侵权必究transportation
A. 运输 B. 购买 C. 装载 D. 卸载
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11.work flow
A. 准时制 B. 评估 C. 优势 D. 工作流程
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12.The characters of modern logistics are huge quantity, quick response and globalization. In order to meet the needs, information technology has become the brain to control them.Bar code, POS, EDI, GPS and internet are the main choices for the operation of logistics. Bar code system can get the goods information fast and exactly. By the data processing unit, POS system can check the inventory of warehouse at any time. When the super center adopts POS system, it can check the sales record, inventory even cash flow easily. EDI is a magic tool that can translate your documents into electronic data, sent it to your partner in any location by cable. In this way, we don’t need to make deal face-to-face, revise the documents, declare to customs before the shipments arrived, and more. Now, EDI is the most essential information tool for international trade and logistics. All of information tools are based on internet. In today’s society, the organs of commercial and government, schools, even individual can make E-commerce with internet. So, Internet is the greatest revolution to influence the mankind.
1). Information technology can help the operation of the logistics, but can’t change its future. A. Correct B. Wrong C. In limited way D. The role is not decided 2). EDI is the core of information technology used in international trade and transportation. A. Correct B. Wrong C. Not mentioned D. Not clear 3). What is the meaning of “magic tool” in the paragraph? A. Visible B. Invisible C. Net D. You can’t image it. 4). What is most important information technology in the logistics? A. Bar Code B. DOS C. EDI D. GPS 5). Why is the Internet a great revolution? A. The newest scientific and technology invention B. The most advanced technology C. The valuable tool D. Helping the mankind greatly
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13.本文由zuoye580.com原创，侵权必究packing list
A. 装箱单名称 B. 购物清单 C. 列表 D. 打印单
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14.unload
A. 上货 B. 卸货 C. 投标 D. 明确
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15.destination
A. 目的地 B. 出发地 C. 日期 D. 运转
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16.本文由zuoye580.com原创，侵权必究basic risks
A. 递送 B. 零售 C. 基本险 D. 配送
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17.retailer
A. 零售 B. 零售商 C. 销售商 D. 供应商
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18.customs declaration form
A. 报关 B. 报关单 C. 海关 D. 报税
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A. 海洋运输 B. 公路运输 C. 出单 D. 装箱
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20.certificate of origin
A. 货物来源证 B. 原产地证 C. 初始证明 D. 原始证明
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21.offer
A. 服务 B. 销售 C. 报价 D. 运输
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22.本文由zuoye580.com原创，侵权必究quotation
A. 收入 B. 行为 C. 支出 D. 报价单
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23.Inventory can serve two basic functions:1. To provide a reserve for production and sales.2. To get the price discount by purchasing a large quantities.Inventory may be raw materials for the factory or finished products for the wholesaler and retailer. Most of inventory is placed in warehouse. Usually, three warehouses are available:1. Private warehouse. A private warehouse is owned and operated by a company. It is convenient to the owner who can store and process easily. For most factories and big traders, they often have large or small warehouse, more or less space to store goods.2. Public warehouse. Public Warehouse is developing for the Third Part Logistics and offers special services, including package and arrangement of delivery. Public warehouse has advantage of better service and lower cost than private one by its specialized equipment and marketing share.3. Contract warehouse. This kind of warehouse is formed and depended on the relation between the suppliers and customer.When buyer purchases goods, they don’t often ship it at the same time and store at the sellers’ warehouse. Warehouse equipment consists of folk lift truck, stacker, good shelf and conveyor, etc.
1). Inventory is the same as warehouse. Is it true or not? A. Sometime yes B. Not C. No relation between them D. Different goods at different place 2). Generally speaking, there are two kinds of inventory which are _____. A. Goods B. Materials C. Materials and products D. Raw materials and finished products 3). Public warehouse is most efficient. What is your opinion? A. Depend on the situation B. Yes C. Not D. Not comparable 4). Usually, contract warehouse doesn’t need to pay. Is it correct or not? A. Yes B. Not C. It didn’t mention it. D. Sometime yes, sometime not. 5). What is the equipment of warehouse？ A. Tools B. Tools for handling, loading and unloading C. Forklift truck D. Forklift truck and goods shelf
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24.Managers in the last two decades have witnessed a period of change unparalleled in the history of the world, in terms of advances in technology, globalization of markets and stabilization of political economies. With the increasing number of “world-class” competitors both domestically and abroad, organizations have had to improve their internal processes rapidly in order to stay competitive. In the 1960s and 1970s, companies began to develop detailed market strategies, which focused on creating and capturing customer loyalty. Organizations also realized that strong engineering, design and manufacturing functions were necessary in order to support these market requirements. Design engineers had to be able to translate customer needs into product and service specifications, which then had to be produced at a high level of quality and at a reasonable cost. As the demand for new products escalated in the 1980s, manufacturing organizations were required to become increasingly flexible and responsive to modify existing products and processes or to develop new ones in order to meet ever-changing customer needs. As manufacturing capabilities improved in the 1990s, managers realized that material and service input from suppliers had a major impact on their organization’s ability to meet customer needs. This led to an increased focus on the supply base and the organization’s sourcing strategy. Managers also realized that producing a quality product was not enough. Getting the products to customers when, where , how, and in the quantity that they want, in a cost-effective manner, constituted an entirely new type of challenge. More recently, the era of the “Logistics Renaissance” was also born, recreating a whole set of time-reducing information technologies and logistics network aimed at meeting these challenges.As a result of these changes, organizations now find that it is no longer enough to manage their organizations. They must also be involved in the management of to manage their organizations. They must also be involved in the management of the network of all upstream firms that provide inputs (directly or indirectly), as well as the network of downstream firms responsible for delivery and after-market service of the product to the end customer. From this realization emerged the concept of the “supply chain”.
1). When did the great changes take for the world economy? A. 1970 B. Last 20 years or more C. Last century D. Long time ago 2). What is the meaning of “customer loyally”? A. The most important customers for any firm B. Loyal to company C. The customers to buy a lot D. The long term customers 3). What is the meaning of “Logistics Renaissance”? A. Logistics began a new period B. Logistics is reborn C. Logistics has taken economic functions much more before D. Logistics is developing 4). What is the meaning of “Upstream” for supply chain? A. Customers B. Suppliers C. Buyers D. A and B 5). What is the meaning of “Downstream” for supply chain? A. Customers B. Suppliers C. Sellers D. B and C
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25.本文由zuoye580.com原创，侵权必究shipping line
A. 船舷 B. 航线 C. 运输 D. 路线
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26.supply and demand
A. 供应 B. 需求 C. 供求 D. 提供需求
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27.customs clearance
A. 集装箱 B. 出口 C. 标准箱 D. 报关
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28.本文由zuoye580.com原创，侵权必究finished product
A. 包装 B. 成品 C. 传送带 D. 进口
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29.retailer
A. 零售商 B. 评估 C. 递送 D. 范围
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30.offer
A. 报盘 B. 惯例 C. 定期 D. 回扣
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31.本文由zuoye580.com原创，侵权必究shipping cost
A. 运输货物 B. 运输成本 C. 运输价格 D. 运输收益
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32.net weight
A. 毛重 B. 货物名称 C. 净重 D. 总量
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33.export cargo
A. 出口 B. 进口 C. 出口货物 D. 进口货物
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A. 开放政策 B. 开口保单（预约保险单） C. 打开单据 D. 条件宽泛
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35.All over the world, more and more ocean freights are carried out with containers. This trend will continue because containerized shipment offers so many advantages. Among them are:1. Economy. Overall transportation costs can be reduced by the container shipment. In the case of general cargo of 10,000 tons, it takes 48 hours to load and unload, but for the container ship of 35,000 tons, only 6-8 hour needed to load and unload.2. Safety. The cargo can be handled in any weather and is efficiently protected from theft and damage, because it is completely enclosed.3. Large scale. Container ship has become giant from 10,000 tons in 1970 to 100,000 tons, now it continues to grow bigger and bigger.There are two kinds of containers, 20’ and 40’, mostly adopted. 20’ container is called TEU, Twenty-feet Equivalent Unit, and standard container. One 40’ container is equals two 20’s.Containers are used in ocean, railway and highway transportation. In recent years, many container terminals have been established. The continental bridge transport is introduced to load containers by trains. The road transportation follows this tendency: the tractors pull the container with the speed in 100 km per hour in highway.
1). What is container shipment? A. To load goods in container B. Container is only choice for transportation. C. Containerized transportation D. Container ship, container train and container track 2). What is not the advantage of containerized shipment mentioned in the passage? A. Economy. B. Large scale C. Safety. D. Speed. 3). Only 20’ and 40’ container are available. Is it a fact? A. Correct B. Wrong C. Not mentioned D. I don’t know 4). 20’ container is standard container. Is it true or not? A. Yes B. Not C. It is old concept D. It is new kind of container 5). Container ships need the container terminal to load and unload goods. Is it correct or not? A. Correct B. Wrong C. Depend D. No mention
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36.Now, we discuss the relation between the international trade and logistics. As you know, trading involves several steps:1. Making deal. In this stage, the buyer and seller should negotiate the price of the goods, the way to pay, finally sign the contract.2. Payment. It is a core step in the trading. General speaking, buyers can’ t pay to sellers directly. They usually ask their bank to write the Letter of Credit (L/C) to the sellers. L/C is the promise to pay from the buyer, transferred to sellers’ band under the conditional articles.3. Transportation. After receiving qualified L/C, the seller begins to deliver the goods. Then transportation takes the main place of the trading. So, international transportation is similar word to international logistics. Logistics can move the commodities form one country to another with ships, trucks and air. Logistics may fix the cost of transportation to the trading partners with the terms of FOB and CIF. FOB means the deal price without insurance and freight. CIF contains cost of goods, insurance and freight. Transportation as the main function of the logistics has the very close relationship with foreign trade.4. Customs clearance and Inspection. In the final step, logistics helps customers and customs in two ways, on one hand, arrangement of goods to be cleared on the other, handing in the documents to be examined.
1). There is not close relationship between international trade and logistics. Is it correct? A. Correct B. Wrong C. This is not main topic in the page. D. I don’t know 2). What is contract? A. Paper B. Arrangement C. Arrangement by both sides of deal D. Memo 3). L/C is a letter from buyer to seller. Is it true or not? A. True. B. Maybe. C. Not mentioned. D. Wrong 4). What do the customs do? A. Inspecting goods and collecting duty B. Government organ C. Collecting tax D. Inspecting commodities 5). Does the author talk about the transportation equipment? A. Yes B. No C. Only a little D. Dropping a hint
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37.本文由zuoye580.com原创，侵权必究Bill of Lading
A. 账单 B. 提单 C. 装载 D. 运输
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38.manufacturer
A. 仓库 B. 制造商 C. 运输 D. 消费
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39.consumption
A. 消费 B. 基本险 C. 成本 D. 成本加运费价
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40.本文由zuoye580.com原创，侵权必究schedule
A. 时间表 B. 地产 C. 流通量 D. 依次
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41.Marks
A. 唛头 B. 标志 C. 麦克 D. 记号
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42.outsourcing
A. 外包 B. 来源 C. 资源 D. 供应
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A. 机床 B. 惯例 C. 基本险 D. 回扣
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44.storage
A. 储存 B. 贯彻 C. 消费 D. 实施
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45.distribution
A. 分布 B. 配送 C. 供给 D. 发送
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46.本文由zuoye580.com原创，侵权必究logistics
A. 物流 B. 逻辑 C. 逻辑学 D. 仓储
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47.After completing a commercial transaction, logistics will execute the transfer of goods from the supplier (seller) to the customer (buyer) in the most cost-effective manner. This is the definition of logistics. During the transfer process, hardware such as logistics facilities and equipment (logistics carriers) are needed, as well as information control and standardization. In addition, supports from the government and logistics association should be in place.Three major functions of logistics1. Creating time value: same goods can be valued differently at different times. Goods often stop during the transfer process, which is professionally called the storage of logistics. It creates the time value for goods.2. Creating location value: same goods can be valued differently at different locations. The value added during the transfer process is the location value of logistics.3. Distribution processing Value: sometime logistics create distribution processing value, which changes the length, thickness and packages of the goods. Like popular saying, “cutting into smaller parts” is the most commonly seen distribution processing form. Most processing within logistics create added value for goods.
1). What is the meaning “cost-effective”? A. Cost reduced B. Economically C. Cost evaluate D. To add cost 2). _____ creates time value. A. Transportation B. Good flow C. Different location D. Storage 3). What is the same meaning of location value? A. Different value B. Different value of same goods at the different places C. Different good D. Different value of different goods at the same place 4). What is the distribution processing value? A. Distribution B. Processing C. Sales and processing D. Changing the length, thickness and the package of the goods 5). The distribution process value is available in all logistics activities. Is it correct or not? A. Both B. Yes C. Not D. Not clear
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48.An increasing number of companies are involving in international markets through exporting, licensing, joint ventures, and ownership. This trend should continue. With such expansion there is a need to develop worldwide logistics networks. Integrated logistics management and cost analysis will be more complex and difficult to manage.There are some future trends in internationalization:1. More logistics executives with international responsibilities.2. Expansion of the number and size of foreign trade zones.3. Reduction in the amount of international paperwork and documentation.4. More foreign warehousing is owned and controlled by the exporting firm.5. Increasing number of smaller firms. 6. Foreign ownership of logistics service firms, e.g., public warehousing and transportation carriers. 7. Increasing multiple distribution channels. The international transport and the international logistics are same things in some way. So, when the international trading involved, the firm must establish international logistics systems to provide the products and services demanded. The most significant development in international logistics will be the increasing sophistication information system adopted and independent departments to operate.
1). What is the subject of the paragraph? A. The international trade B. The international transport C. The international logistics D. International economy 2). What is the same meaning of “Internationalization”? A. Nationalization B. Globalization C. Integration D. Standardization 3). What is the meaning of trend? A. General direction B. Developing road C. Way D. Path 4). The international transport and the international logistics are same. Is it correct or not? A. Not mention in the paragraph B. Not clear C. Wrong D. Right 5). The international trade needs the ______ to fulfill its transaction. A. Trucks B. Logistics C. Ships D. Aircrafts
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